3D Modeling Glossary

Complete guide to 3D modeling terminology, from basic concepts to advanced techniques

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A

Animation

The process of creating movement in 3D objects over time. This can include character movement, object transformations, camera movements, and more.

By the way; we can do custom animation for your project.

Examples: Walking cycles, object rotation, camera pans

Armature

A skeleton-like structure used to control the movement of 3D models. It consists of bones that can be manipulated to pose and animate characters.

Examples: Character rigging, skeletal animation

Ambient Occlusion

A shading technique that simulates how light is blocked by nearby objects, creating realistic shadows in corners and crevices.

Examples: Contact shadows, crevice darkening

B

Blender

A free, open-source 3D computer graphics software used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, and computer games.

Examples: 3D modeling, animation, rendering, video editing

Bone

Individual elements of an armature that control the movement and deformation of 3D models. Bones can be rotated, scaled, and positioned.

Examples: Character joints, skeletal structure

Boolean

A modeling operation that combines or subtracts 3D objects using mathematical operations like union, difference, and intersection.

Examples: Cutting holes, combining shapes, subtracting volumes

C

Camera

A virtual viewpoint that determines what is visible in the final render. Cameras can be animated and positioned to create dynamic shots.

Examples: Perspective camera, orthographic camera, camera tracking

Character Rigging

The process of creating a skeleton (armature) for a 3D character that allows it to be posed and animated realistically.

Examples: Humanoid rigging, facial rigging, mechanical rigging

Cycles

Blender's physically-based path tracer render engine that simulates real-world lighting for photorealistic results.

Examples: Realistic lighting, global illumination, caustics

D

Displacement Map

A texture that physically moves the geometry of a 3D model to create surface detail, unlike bump maps which only simulate detail.

Examples: Terrain generation, detailed surfaces, geometric displacement

Dope Sheet

An animation editor that shows keyframes as dots on a timeline, allowing animators to edit timing and animation curves.

Examples: Timeline editing, keyframe management, animation curves

E

Eevee

Blender's real-time render engine that provides fast previews and final renders using modern graphics card technology.

Examples: Real-time rendering, game engine preview, fast iterations

Extrude

A modeling operation that extends faces, edges, or vertices to create new geometry by pulling them in a specific direction.

Examples: Creating walls from floors, extending shapes, building geometry

F

FBX

A proprietary file format developed by Autodesk for exchanging 3D data between different software applications, commonly used in game development.

Examples: Unity import, Maya export, cross-platform compatibility

Face

A flat surface bounded by edges in a 3D model. Faces are the building blocks of 3D geometry and can be triangular or quadrilateral.

Examples: Polygonal surfaces, mesh faces, geometric planes

FPS (Frames Per Second)

The number of individual images displayed per second in an animation or video, determining the smoothness of motion.

Examples: 24 fps (film), 30 fps (video), 60 fps (games)

G

GLB/GLTF

Modern 3D file formats designed for web and mobile applications. GLB is a binary format, while GLTF is text-based and human-readable.

Examples: Web 3D, mobile apps, real-time 3D

Geometry

The mathematical representation of 3D shapes and forms, including vertices, edges, faces, and their spatial relationships.

Examples: Polygonal models, mathematical shapes, 3D forms

Global Illumination

A lighting technique that simulates how light bounces between surfaces, creating realistic indirect lighting and soft shadows.

Examples: Bounced light, realistic shadows, ambient lighting

H

High Poly

A 3D model with a high number of polygons, used for detailed renders and close-up shots. Often used as a base for creating low-poly models.

Examples: Detailed characters, close-up renders, sculpted models

HDR (High Dynamic Range)

An image format that captures a wider range of brightness levels than standard images, often used for lighting and reflections in 3D scenes.

Examples: Environment lighting, realistic reflections, HDR backgrounds

I

IK (Inverse Kinematics)

A technique that automatically calculates joint rotations based on the desired position of an end effector (like a hand or foot).

Examples: Character posing, robotic arms, procedural animation

Instance

A copy of an object that shares the same geometry data but can have different transformations (position, rotation, scale).

Examples: Duplicate objects, memory efficiency, mass placement

J

Joint

A connection point between bones in an armature that allows for rotation and movement, similar to real-world joints.

Examples: Elbow joints, knee joints, spine joints

K

Keyframe

A specific point in time where an object's properties (position, rotation, scale) are defined. Animation is created by interpolating between keyframes.

Examples: Animation timing, pose definition, property changes

L

Low Poly

A 3D model with a low number of polygons, often used for games, mobile applications, and stylized art where performance is important.

Examples: Game assets, mobile 3D, stylized characters

LOD (Level of Detail)

A technique where different versions of a 3D model are used based on distance from the camera, improving performance.

Examples: Distance-based detail, performance optimization, game optimization

M

Material

A set of properties that define how a 3D surface looks and behaves, including color, texture, reflectivity, and transparency.

Examples: Metal, plastic, glass, fabric materials

Mesh

A collection of vertices, edges, and faces that form a 3D object. The basic building block of 3D geometry.

Examples: Polygonal models, 3D objects, geometric shapes

Modifier

A non-destructive operation that can be applied to 3D objects to change their appearance or behavior without permanently altering the original geometry.

Examples: Subdivision surface, mirror, array modifiers

N

Normal Map

A texture that simulates surface detail by manipulating how light interacts with a surface, creating the illusion of geometry without adding actual polygons.

Examples: Surface detail, bump mapping, geometric illusion

NURBS

Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines, a mathematical representation of 3D geometry that uses curves and surfaces rather than polygons.

Examples: Smooth surfaces, mathematical modeling, precision curves

O

OBJ

A simple 3D file format that stores geometry data as text, making it widely compatible across different 3D software applications.

Examples: Cross-platform compatibility, simple geometry, text-based format

Occlusion

The blocking of light by objects, creating shadows and areas where light cannot reach, important for realistic lighting.

Examples: Contact shadows, light blocking, realistic shadows

P

Polygon

A flat surface with three or more sides, the basic building block of 3D geometry. Triangles and quadrilaterals are the most common types.

Examples: Triangular faces, quadrilateral faces, geometric surfaces

PBR (Physically Based Rendering)

A rendering technique that simulates real-world light behavior using physically accurate material properties and lighting models.

Examples: Realistic materials, accurate lighting, modern rendering

Pose

The arrangement of a 3D character's body parts in a specific position, often created by manipulating an armature.

Examples: Character positioning, action poses, static poses

R

Rendering

The process of generating a 2D image from a 3D scene by calculating how light interacts with objects, materials, and cameras.

Examples: Final images, lighting calculation, image generation

Rigging

The process of creating a control system (armature) for a 3D model that allows it to be animated and posed realistically.

Examples: Character setup, animation controls, skeletal systems

Roughness

A material property that determines how rough or smooth a surface is, affecting how light reflects off the surface.

Examples: Surface finish, reflection control, material properties

S

Shader

A program that determines how 3D objects are rendered, controlling color, lighting, and other visual properties.

Examples: Material shaders, lighting shaders, custom effects

Sculpting

A 3D modeling technique that works like digital clay, allowing artists to push, pull, and shape geometry in an intuitive way.

Examples: Organic modeling, character sculpting, detailed surfaces

Subdivision Surface

A technique that smooths a low-poly model by subdividing its faces, creating a higher-resolution surface while maintaining the original shape.

Examples: Smooth surfaces, organic shapes, subdivision modeling

T

Texture

A 2D image applied to a 3D surface to give it color, detail, and visual properties like roughness or metallic appearance.

Examples: Color maps, normal maps, roughness maps

Topology

The arrangement and flow of edges and faces in a 3D model, crucial for proper deformation during animation and sculpting.

Examples: Edge flow, face arrangement, geometric structure

Transform

The position, rotation, and scale of a 3D object in 3D space, defining where and how the object is located and oriented.

Examples: Object positioning, rotation, scaling

U

UV Mapping

The process of unwrapping a 3D model's surface onto a 2D plane so that textures can be applied correctly to the model.

Examples: Texture application, surface unwrapping, 2D texture mapping

Unwrap

To flatten a 3D model's surface into 2D coordinates for texture mapping, similar to unwrapping a gift box.

Examples: Texture preparation, surface flattening, UV coordinates

V

Vertex

A point in 3D space that defines the corners of faces and edges. The basic building block of 3D geometry.

Examples: Geometric points, corner vertices, 3D coordinates

Viewport

The 3D workspace in 3D software where artists can view, select, and manipulate 3D objects and scenes.

Examples: 3D workspace, modeling view, scene editor

W

Weight Painting

The process of assigning influence values to vertices so they follow specific bones during animation, creating realistic deformation.

Examples: Skin deformation, bone influence, realistic movement

Wireframe

A display mode that shows only the edges of 3D objects, making it easier to see the underlying structure and topology.

Examples: Edge visualization, topology view, structural display

X

X-Ray

A viewport display mode that shows objects as semi-transparent, allowing artists to see through objects and work on hidden parts.

Examples: Transparent view, see-through mode, hidden object editing

Z

Z-Depth

Information about how far objects are from the camera, used for depth of field effects and compositing.

Examples: Depth information, focus effects, 3D depth data

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